Francisco Montes De Oca Historia De La Filosofia Pdf Free [Extra Quality]

Francisco Montes de Oca: A Classic of Philosophy History

Francisco Montes de Oca (1914-1986) was a Mexican philosopher and historian of philosophy who wrote several books on the development of philosophical thought from ancient to modern times. His most famous work is Historia de la filosofÃa (History of Philosophy), a four-volume book that covers the main currents and figures of Western philosophy from the pre-Socratics to Kant.

Historia de la filosofÃa was first published in 1969 by PorrÃºa, a prestigious Mexican publishing house, and has been reprinted several times since then. It is widely used as a textbook in many universities and schools in Latin America and Spain, as well as a reference work for scholars and students of philosophy. The book is praised for its clarity, rigor, comprehensiveness, and critical perspective on the philosophical problems and doctrines that have shaped the history of human thought.

Montes de Oca's Historia de la filosofÃa is not only a chronological account of the evolution of philosophy, but also a thematic analysis of the main concepts and questions that have guided the philosophical inquiry throughout the ages. The book explores topics such as being, knowledge, reality, ethics, politics, religion, art, science, and culture, and examines how different philosophers have approached them from different perspectives and methods. Montes de Oca also pays attention to the historical and cultural context of each philosophical movement and thinker, showing how they were influenced by and responded to their times.

One of the challenges that Montes de Oca faced when writing his Historia de la filosofÃa was to make it accessible and engaging for a wide audience, without sacrificing the depth and accuracy of his exposition. He achieved this by using a clear and simple language, avoiding unnecessary technicalities and jargon, and providing examples and illustrations that help the reader understand the main ideas and arguments of each philosopher. He also included summaries, questions, bibliographies, and indexes at the end of each chapter and volume, to facilitate the study and revision of the material.

Unfortunately, Montes de Oca's Historia de la filosofÃa is not available online for free in PDF format. However, you can find it in many libraries or bookstores, or buy it on Amazon or other online platforms. If you are interested in learning more about the history of philosophy from a reliable and comprehensive source, you should definitely check out this classic work by Francisco Montes de Oca.

In this article, we will focus on the first volume of Montes de Oca's Historia de la filosofÃa, which covers the ancient and medieval philosophy from the pre-Socratics to the scholastics. We will briefly summarize the main features and contributions of each philosophical period and school, as well as some of the most influential philosophers that belong to them.

Pre-Socratic Philosophy

The pre-Socratic philosophy is the name given to the first stage of Greek philosophy, which spans from the 6th to the 5th century BC. The pre-Socratics were the first philosophers who tried to explain the nature and origin of the world and its phenomena by using reason and observation, instead of relying on myths and legends. They were also interested in questions such as the principle and cause of all things, the structure and order of reality, the relation between appearance and reality, and the nature and limits of human knowledge.

The pre-Socratics were not a unified group or school, but rather a diverse collection of thinkers who lived in different places and times, and had different views and methods. However, they can be classified into three main groups according to their main focus and approach: the Milesian school, which was concerned with finding the primary substance or element of all things; the Pythagorean school, which emphasized the role of numbers and mathematics in understanding reality; and the Eleatic school, which denied the existence of change and plurality, and affirmed the unity and immutability of being.

Some of the most important pre-Socratic philosophers were Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Leucippus, Democritus, and Xenophanes.

Sophists and Socrates

The sophists were a group of professional teachers and rhetoricians who traveled around Greece in the 5th century BC, offering their services to anyone who wanted to learn how to speak and argue effectively in public. The sophists were not interested in finding objective truths or universal principles, but rather in teaching practical skills and techniques that could help their students achieve success and influence in society. They were also relativists and skeptics who questioned the validity and possibility of knowledge, morality, justice, and religion.

Socrates (469-399 BC) was a philosopher who opposed the sophists' views and methods. He believed that there was an objective truth and a universal moral law that could be discovered by using reason and dialogue. He devoted his life to questioning himself and others about the most important human issues, such as virtue, justice, happiness, wisdom, piety, etc. He did not write any books or doctrines, but rather used a dialectical method called elenchus or Socratic irony, which consisted in asking questions that exposed the contradictions and weaknesses of his interlocutors' opinions. He also claimed that he did not know anything for certain, but that he was aware of his own ignorance.

Socrates was considered a dangerous influence by some Athenian authorities and citizens who accused him of corrupting the youth and impiety. He was condemned to death by drinking hemlock poison. His life and teachings were recorded by some of his disciples and followers, especially Plato.

Plato

Plato (427-347 BC) was one of Socrates' most faithful disciples and admirers. He was also a prolific writer who composed many dialogues in which he presented his own philosophical views through the mouth of Socrates or other characters. Plato's philosophy is based on two main ideas: the theory of forms or ideas, which states that there is a higher realm of perfect and eternal entities that are the models or archetypes of all things in the sensible world; and the theory of knowledge or epistemology, which states that true knowledge is only possible by accessing these forms or ideas through reason or intuition.

Plato also developed his own ethical, political, aesthetic, metaphysical, cosmological, psychological, religious, linguistic, logical,

and mathematical theories. Some of his most famous dialogues are The Republic, The Symposium, The Phaedo, The Meno, The Apology, The Parmenides, The Timaeus, The Laws, etc. 248dff8e21